In 2026, China’s new energy heavy-duty truck industry entered a period of rapid growth driven by both policy support and market demand. From subsidies of up to RMB 140,000 for the scrapping and replacement of old trucks, to the full implementation of the charging infrastructure “Three-Year Doubling” plan, and then to the joint policy issued by eleven government departments to promote the large-scale application of new energy heavy-duty trucks, a green transportation transformation covering the entire industrial chain is advancing with unprecedented momentum. In this transformation, how to solve the pain point of the “last mile of energy replenishment” has become a key issue for new energy heavy-duty trucks as they expand from closed operating scenarios to trunk logistics.

I. Policy Support Continues to Increase, Accelerating the Development of New Energy Heavy-Duty Trucks

In April 2026, the Ministry of Transport and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the Notice on the Implementation of the Scrapping and Replacement of Old Commercial Trucks in 2026. For the first time, commercial trucks meeting China IV emission standards were included in the subsidy program, with priority given to replacement with electric trucks. Under the differentiated subsidy standards, scrapping an old heavy-duty truck can receive a subsidy of up to RMB 45,000, while purchasing a new energy heavy-duty truck can receive an additional purchase subsidy of up to RMB 95,000. Combined, a single new energy heavy-duty truck can receive financial support of up to RMB 140,000.

This policy support is not an isolated measure. At the top-level policy design level, China’s transportation industry has established a “2+2+N” policy system. At the national ministry level, a dedicated working group has been established to promote the large-scale application of electric heavy-duty trucks, systematically advancing industry development across the entire industrial chain and ecosystem. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, China will focus on the construction of zero-carbon transportation corridors and stations, while vigorously promoting new energy vehicles, vessels, and other clean-energy transportation equipment.

At the infrastructure level, the charging infrastructure “Three-Year Doubling” plan clearly states that by the end of 2027, 28 million charging facilities will be built nationwide, providing more than 300 million kW of public charging capacity and meeting the charging needs of more than 80 million electric vehicles. Meanwhile, eleven government departments jointly issued the Implementation Plan for Promoting the Large-Scale Application of New Energy Heavy-Duty Trucks, requiring new and renovated expressway service areas to simultaneously construct charging and battery-swapping facilities for heavy-duty trucks. Existing service areas are required to accelerate facility construction and upgrades, while integrated “wind-solar-storage-charging-swapping” facilities should be developed according to local conditions.

II. Explosive Market Growth with Penetration Rates Reaching New Highs

Driven by both policy support and market demand, the new energy heavy-duty truck market has entered a period of rapid growth. In 2025, sales of new energy heavy-duty trucks reached 221,100 units, representing a year-on-year increase of 182%, with market penetration exceeding 25%. Entering 2026, the growth momentum remained strong—in May 2026, domestic sales of new energy heavy-duty trucks reached 30,800 units, up 10% month on month and up 104% year on year , with monthly penetration reaching a record high of 40.88%. From January to May 2026, cumulative sales of new energy heavy-duty trucks reached 102,600 units, up 68% year on year, with cumulative penetration reaching 30.89%, indicating an accelerating transition toward new energy heavy-duty trucks.

From a technology-route perspective, charging and battery-swapping heavy-duty trucks continue to dominate the market. In the first quarter of 2026, charging heavy-duty trucks accounted for more than 73% of the sales mix, becoming the absolute mainstream of the market. Notably, in December 2025, the terminal penetration rate of new energy heavy-duty trucks exceeded 50% for the first time, marking the industry’s formal transition from pilot demonstrations to large-scale replacement.

The deeper driving force behind this round of growth is the reversal of total cost of ownership. Against the backdrop of high oil prices, the total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric heavy-duty trucks has already surpassed that of diesel trucks in overall competitiveness. Research estimates show that in high-frequency operating scenarios, the TCO ranking is: battery electric < diesel < hydrogen fuel cell. In closed scenarios such as ports and mines, battery swapping has particularly strong cost advantages due to high replenishment efficiency, lower initial costs, and stable residual values. In open-road and long-distance transportation scenarios, charging is more economical because of lower energy costs and lower infrastructure investment.

III. Three Energy Replenishment Models Operate in Parallel, Covering Different Scenarios

The large-scale adoption of new energy heavy-duty trucks depends on an efficient and reliable energy replenishment system. The industry has currently formed a coordinated development pattern of “fixed charging + fixed battery swapping + mobile energy replenishment,” providing differentiated solutions for different operating scenarios.

Fixed Charging Mode: Suitable for open roads, long-distance transportation, and price-sensitive scenarios. Charging stations have relatively low construction barriers and controllable investment costs. With the advancement of ultra-fast charging technology, dual-gun fast charging and high-power ultra-fast charging are significantly shortening replenishment time. However, fixed charging faces efficiency bottlenecks in scenarios with limited land resources and high-frequency operations, while also placing relatively high requirements on grid capacity.

Fixed Battery Swapping Mode: This is the preferred option for closed scenarios and high-frequency operations. Battery-swapping stations are equipped with standardized battery compartments and battery-swapping robots, enabling battery replacement within 3 to 5 minutes, with replenishment efficiency comparable to refueling a conventional vehicle. Battery swapping is naturally compatible with the “vehicle-battery separation” business model, allowing logistics companies to significantly reduce initial purchase costs. Centralized charging and discharging management can also extend battery life and provide more stable residual values. However, traditional battery-swapping stations have relatively long construction cycles, higher site requirements, and vehicle compatibility limitations caused by the lack of unified standards.

Mobile Energy Replenishment System: This is a rapidly emerging energy replenishment solution in recent years. These systems integrate energy storage batteries and intelligent charging/discharging systems onto mobile chassis, allowing flexible deployment to any location with energy replenishment demand. No civil construction is required—if there is space, the system can be deployed and dispatched on demand. Mobile energy replenishment effectively fills gaps left by fixed infrastructure—whether in remote mining areas, temporary construction sites, or for emergency energy replenishment during trunk transportation, these needs can be quickly addressed through flexible mobile energy replenishment, making it widely regarded by the industry as “a key solution to the last-mile energy replenishment challenge.”

IV. Nengyixing Mobile Energy Replenishment Solutions Provide a One-Stop Solution for the Industry

At this critical stage of accelerated development in the new energy heavy-duty truck replenishment industry, Nengyixing (Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. has leveraged its strong technical accumulation and full-stack independent R&D capabilities to build a full-scenario product portfolio covering “power delivery, energy storage, charging, battery swapping, and discharging,” and has become a leading provider of mobile energy system solutions in the industry.

As one of the first companies in China to explore battery-swapping technology for new energy vehicles, Nengyixing has focused on intelligent charging and battery swapping since its establishment in 2018. The company holds more than 30 independent intellectual property rights and has obtained ISO9001 certification. Focusing on three major sectors—passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and mobile energy replenishment—the company has developed mobile energy system solutions centered on battery-swapping products. Its product portfolio includes the Nengqing series commercial vehicle battery-swapping stations, Nengjie series passenger vehicle battery-swapping stations, Nengyu series mobile energy replenishment systems, Nengxin series onboard assembly systems, and Nengshan series intelligent charging equipment, achieving comprehensive coverage from fixed battery-swapping stations to mobile energy replenishment and from closed operating scenarios to open road networks. Through the organic combination of its three major product lines, Nengyixing has established a complete product ecosystem of “fixed battery-swapping stations + mobile energy replenishment + onboard assemblies,” covering application scenarios including port short-haul transportation, trunk logistics, mining transportation, and urban distribution.

Under the guidance of China’s “dual-carbon” strategy, new energy heavy-duty trucks are entering a historic period of opportunity driven by the combined forces of policy support, rapid market growth, technological maturity, and an increasingly complete industry ecosystem. In 2026, a subsidy window of up to RMB 140,000 has opened, while the penetration rate of new energy heavy-duty trucks has exceeded 40% and continues to rise. Meanwhile, from integrated “wind-solar-storage-charging-swapping” facilities to expressway service-area replenishment networks, and from fixed battery-swapping stations to mobile energy replenishment systems, a comprehensive green energy replenishment network is rapidly taking shape.