In high-frequency heavy-duty truck operations—such as those in ports, mining areas and trunk logistics routes—many customers harbour a common misconception: they believe that any battery pack at a battery swap station can be swapped ‘on arrival’, treating battery assets, cells, packs and frames as a single entity. This misconception directly leads to a series of operational issues.For example, fleet drivers may arrive at a battery swap station only to discover that the battery dimensions do not match or the interfaces are incompatible, resulting in a wasted journey; some operators have invested millions in building swap stations, yet because these facilities are compatible with only a single brand of vehicle, utilisation rates remain consistently below 50%; investors who originally anticipated recouping their costs within 3–5 years have seen their operating profits plummet due to poor battery compatibility, forcing the payback period to extend to over eight years.More seriously, forcing the swapping of different battery packs may lead to safety hazards such as poor contact at the interfaces or locking failures.

Cognitive biases give rise to operational pain points, whilst the challenge of universal interchangeability constrains the realisation of the battery-swapping model’s value

The core value of the battery swapping model lies in ‘ultra-fast recharging, separation of vehicle and battery, and asset utilisation’, all of which hinge on the premise of ‘interchangeable batteries’.Data from authoritative industry research organisations indicates that once battery swapping stations achieve cross-brand and cross-model compatibility, the average daily number of vehicles served can increase by over 60%, operational revenue can rise by 40%, and battery asset utilisation can reach over 85%. Conversely, if universal compatibility cannot be achieved, swapping stations will fall into a vicious cycle of “limited vehicle models served, high idle rates, and difficulty in generating profits”, and may even lose their competitive edge against traditional charging models.

Many customers harbour a misconception that battery packs at swapping stations can be “swapped on arrival”, yet they overlook the differences in battery brands, interfaces, voltages and structures, as well as the pain points arising from a lack of full lifecycle management, such as “difficulty in swapping, slow adaptation and disorganised assets”.The perception that battery assets, cells, packs and frames are all the same thing stands in stark contrast to the technical realities of the battery swapping industry. Whilst battery packs may appear similar in form, their internal structures, interface standards and communication protocols differ fundamentally; this is the core reason why universal swapping is difficult to achieve.From a physical structural perspective, battery packs from different brands vary in size, weight and module arrangement. Frame locking mechanisms include hydraulic locking pins, electromagnetic latches and mechanical clips, among others, meaning that the robotic arms at battery swap stations cannot be universally adapted. Regarding electrical interfaces, specifications for positive and negative terminals, high-voltage harness connectors and standards are inconsistent, whilst requirements for insulation resistance and voltage withstand ratings differ. Blind connection may lead to safety risks such as short circuits and overcharging;At the cell and pack levels, differences in cell types, energy density, and series/parallel configurations, coupled with variations in pack encapsulation processes and thermal management designs, directly impact battery charging and discharging characteristics as well as safety performance; these disparities collectively constitute the core contradiction constraining the large-scale development of the battery swapping industry.

Nengyi Xing’s end-to-end standardisation solution breaks down barriers to battery swapping and corrects misconceptions

Rooted in the industry’s core needs, Nengyixing has developed an end-to-end solution centred on “unified technical specifications + full-stack in-house R&D capabilities + a digitalised operational system”, thereby completely breaking through the industry bottleneck of “battery packs being incompatible with swapping”. Nengyixing establishes unified technical specifications at the source, defining standardised battery pack interfaces, locking mechanisms and communication protocols. These are compatible with mainstream battery brands and all charging protocols. Combined with in-house developed core components and a flexible energy replenishment system, the solution utilises an AI-integrated control system to automatically match battery packs with varying parameters, ensuring safe and efficient compatibility across brands and vehicle models.Relying on two main series of battery swap stations—under-chassis and overhead—along with universal core components, Nengyi Xing achieves full-scenario coverage ranging from passenger cars to heavy-duty trucks, and from urban commuting to mining operations. At the same time, through its capabilities in mass production and customised services, it balances standardised swapping with individualised requirements. In terms of digital support, Nengyixing has established a blockchain-based battery management platform and a charging and swapping operations system, enabling full lifecycle data traceability, health monitoring and intelligent scheduling of batteries. Combined with AR remote maintenance capabilities, this significantly enhances swapping efficiency and operational reliability.From pre-sales compatibility verification and rapid delivery during sales to 24/7 after-sales support, the full lifecycle service system further reinforces the stability of the battery swapping process. Drawing on experience from over 300 battery swapping stations worldwide, Nengyixing enables the safe transfer of battery packs across brands, vehicle models and scenarios, truly realising intelligent energy replenishment and convenient battery swapping.

Looking ahead, Nengyi Xing will continue to deepen its ‘standardisation + intelligence’ technological innovation, driving the development of a battery swapping network that spans brands, scenarios and regions. This will ensure that the battery swapping model truly achieves ‘swap upon arrival’ and ‘power adaptability for all’, injecting sustained momentum into the green logistics energy supply system. It will help the battery swapping industry transition from closed environments to open markets, and from technological pilot schemes to widespread adoption.